The song “Rapper’s Delight” by The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1979, begins with the scat phrase, “I said a hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, a you don’t stop.” Lovebug Starski, a Bronx DJ who put out a single called “The Positive Life” in 1981, and DJ Hollywood then began using the term when referring to this new disco rap music. The name was originally meant as a sign of disrespect, but soon came to identify this new music and culture. The group frequently performed with disco artists who would refer to this new type of MC/DJ-produced music by calling them “hip hoppers”. Cowboy later worked the “hip hop” cadence into a part of his stage performance. Keith “Cowboy” Wiggins, a member of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, has been credited with coining the term hip hop in 1978 while teasing a friend who had just joined the US Army, by scat singing the words “hip/hop/hip/hop” in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of marching soldiers. Hip hop is the combination of two separate slang terms-”hip”, used in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) as early as 1898, meaning current or in the know, and “hop”, for the hopping movement. Today, graffiti remains part of hip hop, while crossing into the mainstream art world with renowned exhibits in galleries throughout the world. The relationship between graffiti and hip hop culture arises from the appearance of new and increasingly elaborate and pervasive forms of the practice in areas where other elements of hip hop were evolving as art forms, with a heavy overlap between those who wrote graffiti and those who practiced other elements of the culture. These elements experienced considerable refinement and development over the course of the history of the culture. An original form of dancing and particular styles of dress arose among fans of this new music. This was later accompanied by “rap”, a rhythmic style of chanting or poetry presented in 16 bar measures or time frames, and beatboxing, a vocal technique mainly used to imitate percussive elements of the music and various technical effects of hip hop DJ’s.
Hip hop music first emerged with disc jockeys creating rhythmic beats by looping breaks (small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern) on two turntables, more commonly referred to as sampling. Since its emergence in the South Bronx, hip hop culture has spread to both urban and suburban communities throughout the world. DJ Afrika Bambaataa outlined the four pillars of hip hop culture: MCing, DJing, B-boying and graffiti writing. Hip hop is a form of musical expression and artistic subculture that originated in African-American and Hispanic-American communities during the 1970s in New York City, specifically the Bronx.
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